• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    Wave energy converter comprising a floating body (101) and an acceleration tube attached thereto forming a working cylinder. Upper and lower openings of the acceleration tube allow water flow between the working cylinder and the body of water in which the acceleration tube is at least partially immersed. The wave energy converter has a working piston which is reciprocable in the working cylinder and an energy converting device which absorbs energy from the movements of the working piston relative to the floating body (101), and a mooring system comprising at least a first fastening device (110) mounted on the floating body (101) for fixing. of a first mooring line with a first anchor and a second fastening device mounted on the buoyancy body for fixing a second mooring line with a second anchor, the mooring lines comprising first and second rope portions and at least one floating element fastened between them, and wherein at least one of the fastening devices (110) comprises a winding device (116) having an outer circumferential surface (118) for winding at least two turns (V1, V2) of the first line portion around it and a cooperating fastening device (117). (Figure 2)
    公开号:SE1530060A1
    申请号:SE1530060
    申请日:2015-05-05
    公开日:2016-11-06
    发明作者:Alm Filip；Claesson Lennart
    申请人:W4P Waves4Power Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a wave energy converter comprising a floating body, an acceleration tube which hangs in and is attached to the floating body and forms a working cylinder between an upper and a lower end, an upper end and an upper end. a working piston reciprocating in the working cylinder, an energy conversion arrangement comprising at least one energy absorbing device which absorbs the movements of the working working piston relative to the buoyancy due to wave motions, and a mooring system arranged to retain the wave energy converter first floating device mounted on a first attachment device. mooring line within a desired anchoring area and comprises at least one at the floating body and at least one second fastening device mounted on the floating body for fixing a second mooring line at the floating body.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Wave motions in oceans and large lakes are a significant source of energy that can be utilized by extracting energy from the waves using wave power generators, also called wave energy converters, which are placed or anchored in places with suitable wave conditions.
    A number of different types of wave energy converters for the extraction and conversion of wave energy into electrical energy are already known. An example is so-called linear generators which, via a line or another connecting means, can transmit vertical movements of a floating body caused by wave motions to the reciprocating motion of a generator coil or rotor of a linear generator anchored at the sea or seabed. The reciprocating motion of the generator coil / rotor in turn generates electric current in the windings of an adjacent stator of the bottom anchor line linear generator.
    Another includes a prior art type of wave energy converter wave energy absorbing float with an energy acquisition and conversion system that may be located on the seabed. The floating body is connected to a winch via a winch cable. The winch and the winch cable connect the floating body to a reference body below the water surface, such as a single anchoring platform below the water surface, an anchor lying on the bottom, or another anchoring device. When the wave forces cause the floating body to move in the longitudinal direction of the winch cable, the winch is forced to rotate, after which the generated rotational movement of the winch shaft can be converted into electricity by means of an energy conversion system.
    Thus, in the two above-mentioned types of prior art wave energy transducers, the upward and downward movements of the floating body due to the longitudinal reciprocating motion of a mooring line, wire or other connecting means interconnecting the floating body with an anchor or another fixed anchorage point below water. In order to obtain a high efficiency of these wave energy converters, it is essential that as large a proportion of the movement of the floating body as possible can be transmitted directly to reciprocating movement in the longitudinal direction of the connecting member, which can be picked up via the linear generator and winch and converted into electricity.
    A completely different type of previously known wave energy converter is instead based on relative movement between, on the one hand, a floating body and a so-called acceleration tube attached to it and, on the other hand, a working piston which is reciprocating in the acceleration tube, the relative movement being caused by wave motions in the body of water where the wave energy converter is anchored by means of one or more mooring lines, in order to extract wave energy. The movement of the working piston can be pumped, hydraulic motor used to drive, for example, a double-acting hydraulic pump or a hose pump, and / or a hydraulic turbine of an energy conversion system arranged in or adjacent to the float to generate electricity that can be transferred to an energy storage or grid.
    In the above-mentioned type of wave energy converter with acceleration tube, it is thus irrelevant to the efficiency whether as large a proportion as possible the movement of the drain body can be transmitted directly to reciprocating movement in the longitudinal direction of the mooring line or not. In fact, such a wave energy converter with acceleration tube can in principle function without any mooring line at all, even if this is not recommended, both for safety reasons and because of course you want to be able to keep the wave energy converter at a desired anchoring position where the wave conditions are as good as possible for wave energy recovery.
    The prior art mooring systems for road energy converters with acceleration tubes have generally comprised fastening loops, mounting brackets and / or shackles for mooring lines arranged on the road energy converter, the mooring lines being intended to join the end of the anchor to the path of the winding converter.
    Practical tests have shown that the previously used mooring systems of road energy converters with acceleration tubes are associated with problems that can adversely affect the pourability, function, reliability and efficiency of such road energy converters. A problem with the previously known mooring systems of road energy converters with acceleration tubes is that their fastening devices for mooring lines on the floating body have a design which allows a sliding slide between the mooring lines and the fastening devices, e.g. between a mooring line and a loop, jumper, slippery and / or a cleat or shackle, when the buoyancy body is thrown around by road movements and thereby causes a heavy wear on the mooring lines, resulting in an increased need for maintenance work to change mooring lines and in worst fall line breakage and risk of loss of can lead to damage to or the wave energy converter.
    Additional problems solved by the present invention will become apparent from the following description.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A first object of the present invention is to provide a one-way energy converter with acceleration tubes and an improved mooring system including at least one fastener on the float which significantly reduces the need for controls and maintenance work to replace worn out wear and tear. very cost effective way.
    This first object is achieved with a road energy converter according to claim 1, comprising a floating body, an acceleration tube which hangs in and is attached to the floating body and has an upper end adjacent the floating body and a lower end spaced from the floating body, a section of the accelerating tube forming an upper working cylinder. and the lower end, upper and lower openings of the acceleration tube to allow substantially unobstructed water flow between the working cylinder and a body of water in which the acceleration tube is at least partially immersed when the wave energy converter operates due to wave motions, a working piston movable reciprocating cylinder, for energy conversion at least one energy-absorbing device which absorbs the movements of the work-out piston relative to the floating body as a result of said wave movements and a mooring system arranged to hold the wave energy converter first fastening device mounted on the floating body for fixing a first mooring line within a desired anchoring area and comprises at least one buoyancy body mounted at the floating body and at least a second fastening device for fixing a second mooring line at the floating body and wherein the first mooring line comprises a first rope portion for fixing at the first fastening device and a second rope portion for fixing a first anchor which is deployed or intended to be deployed at a first anchor position located outside a first side of the desired anchoring area and wherein the second mooring line comprises a first rope portion for fixation at the second fastening device and a second rope portion for fixation at a second anchor which is deployed or intended to be deployed at a second anchor position located outside the other side of the desired anchoring area, wherein at least one mooring line comprises at least one floating element attached between the first line portion and the second line portion so that, after deployment of said anchor, fixing said second rope portions at said anchor, biasing of each floating element-provided mooring line and fixing said first rope portions at the floating body, allow each floating-elemented mooring line due to inherent buoyancy of said floating element to have a said rope portion. line portion which enables each floating element-provided mooring line to be kept tensioned by decreasing the angle and consequent extension of the effective length of the mooring line and by increasing the angle and thereby resulting shortening of the mooring line effective length near wave energy converter including the floating means. which is rotatably mounted on the float and a single fastening device which is arranged on the float for co-operation with the winding device and turns The winding device has an outer circumferential surface which is arranged for winding at least two turns of the first rope portion around it, and wherein the fastening device is arranged for fastening a free part of the first rope portion coming from the winding device at the same in connection with the dry tension mooring line.
    Thanks to the provision of such a fastening device comprising a winding device with at least two turns of the first rope portion wrapped around it and a cooperating tapping device the commercial traction exerted by the prestressed mooring line via a pulling portion of the first rope portion to generate a compressive force against the outer circumference force. in turn gives rise to a frictional force against the outer circumferential surface if any slippage of the rope occurs. The frictional force then transmits the traction force exerted by the pulling part to the suspension device with minimal or no friction against the outer circumferential surface so that appreciable abrasion of the first line portion takes place. In addition, by providing such a simple and relatively inexpensive winding device, the force of the free portion of the first part portion attached to the fastening device coming from the winding device is reduced to a fraction of the pulling force exerted by the pulling part, which reduces the strength and fatigue strength requirements of the fastening device. , so that this can be made simpler, smaller and lighter and manufactured at a lower cost than would otherwise be possible.
    Additional objects and advantages of the invention and the features which make it possible to achieve these objects and advantages will become apparent from the following description.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be described in the following by a number of different embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is an schematic side view, partly in section, of a wave energy converter according to the preferred embodiment of a preferred embodiment of the invention. two prestressed floating element moored lines, each of which is fixed to a fastening device on the floating body perspective of the wave energy converter at a deployed anchor while the wave energy converter operates as a result of wave motions in a body of water in which the wave energy converter accelerator is partially submerged. which comprises a winding device in the form of a pivotally mounted pin on the floating body with a circular cross-section and one end of which is welded to a bracket mounted on the floating body and whose other, free end slides outwards in direction t from the floating body and which further comprises a single fastening device in the form of two bollards around which a free part of the first line portion coming from the winding device is fastened.
    DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION In the following, a number of embodiments of a wave energy converter according to the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the appended figures 1 and 2.
    The wave energy converter 100 comprises a floating body 101 which may be of any suitable type and design for the purpose. An acceleration tube 102 hangs in and is attached to the float body 101 and has an upper end adjacent the float body and a lower end spaced from the float body, a section of the acceleration tube 102 forming a working cylinder 103 between the upper end and the lower end. Wave energy converters with acceleration tubes are well known to a person skilled in the art, for example from patents SE 508 307 and SE 508 308. Upper and lower openings of acceleration tube 102 allow substantially unobstructed water flow between the working cylinder 103 and a body of water 104 in which the acceleration tube of wave motions. A working piston 105 is arranged in the working cylinder 103, which is movable back and forth in the working cylinder 103.
    The upper and lower openings of the acceleration tube 102 may be provided in different ways depending on the embodiment. In one embodiment of the wave energy converter 100, an upper opening is provided in the form of the open end of the acceleration tube 102 at the top which opens into the atmosphere above the upper float, while a lower opening is provided in the form of the open end of the acceleration tube 102 at the bottom which preferably extends approximately 20 meters below water. . However, it is also conceivable for embodiments of the invention to have one or both of the upper and lower openings, respectively, provided in the form of one or more suitably dimensioned holes which are arranged through the outer surface of the acceleration tube in suitable places.
    The wave energy converter 100 further comprises an arrangement of energy conversion 106 comprising at least one energy absorbing device 107 which absorbs energy from the movements of the working piston 105 relative to the floating body 101 as a result of said wave movements. The energy conversion arrangement 106 with the energy absorbing device 107 (or devices) may have different designs and constructions in different embodiments of the wave energy converter 100 according to the invention. The energy absorbing device may in one embodiment, as indicated in Fig. 1, comprise a double-acting piston pump 107 located in the floating body which is located in the floating body 101 and connected to the working piston 105 via a piston rod, but in another embodiment (not shown in the figures) a rack, or in yet another embodiment (not shown) may comprise a pair of so-called hose pumps which are elastically extensible and connected between on the one hand opposite sides the finishing piston and on the other hand the floating body and / or the acceleration tube.The wave energy converter 100 according to the present invention is not limited to any particular type of acceleration tube 102 and / or to any particular type of energy conversion arrangement 106 or any particular type of energy absorbing device 107 or devices.
    It is advantageous that the wave energy converter 100 according to the invention further includes an arrangement for so-called maximum force relief, in order to reduce the risk that the working piston 105, the energy absorbing device 107 or other components of the wave energy converter 100 are damaged by the forces from excessive wave motions. Such an arrangement can, as indicated in Fig. 1, be advantageously provided in that the working cylinder 103 is arranged inside the acceleration tube 102 and formed with a shorter length and smaller outer and inner diameter than the acceleration tube 102, and that the working piston 105 is formed with an outer diameter fitting inside the working cylinder. 103 inside diameter and arranged to have a maximum stroke which is longer than the length of the working cylinder 103 and shorter than the length of the acceleration tube 102.
    In embodiments where the wave energy converter 100 is provided with a suitably designed and dimensioned arrangement for maximum force relief such as the wave top wave energy converter 100 to cause the buoyancy body 101 to rise sharply and described above, a passing pass will cause the water column inside the acceleration tube 102 to sink sharply. wherein the sinking water column inside the acceleration tube 102 will press the working piston 105 to a lower end position outside the working cylinder 103 so that an open passage for the sinking water column inside the accelerating tube 102 is formed between the working piston 105102 greater below the working cylinder 103 and is kept open to accelerate the outer diameter. excessive wave crest has passed. If instead an excessive wave valley passes the wave energy converter 100, in an analogous manner, the wave valley 101 will cause the buoyancy body 101 to sink sharply and at the same time the small water column inside the accelerator tube 102 will rise sharply upwards relative to the float body 101. 105 to an upper end position outside the working cylinder 103 so that an open passage for the rising water column 102 is formed 105 smaller larger outer diameter of the acceleration tube 102 inside the accelerating tube between the outer diameter of the working piston and the upper working cylinder 103 and kept open to let water through until the oversized wave valley has passed. further comprises a wave energy converter 100 according to the mooring system 108 which the invention is arranged to keep the wave energy converter 100 within a desired anchoring area 109 and comprises at least a first fastening device 110 mounted on the floating body 101, fixing a first mooring line 111 to the floating body 101 and at least one other fastening device 110. 101 for fixing a second mooring line 111 'to the floating body 101. The mooring system of the wave energy converter according to the invention can thus comprise two or more mooring lines and two or more fastening devices, depending inter alia on the size of the current wave energy converter.
    The first mooring line 111 of the mooring system 108 comprises a first line portion 112 for fixing at the first fastening device 110 and a second line portion 113 for fixing at a first anchor 114 which is deployed or intended to be deployed at a first anchor position P1 located outside a first side S1 of the desired anchoring area 109. , while the second mooring line 111 'comprises a first rope portion 112' for fixation at the second fastening device 110 'and a second rope portion 113' for fixation at a second anchor 114 'which is deployed or intended to be deployed at a second anchor position P2 located outside a second side S2 of the desired anchoring area 109. At least one of the mooring lines 111; 111 'comprises at least one floating element 115; 115 'attached between the first rope portion 112; 112 'and the second line portion 113; 113 'to, after deployment of said anchor 114; 114 ', fixing said second line portions 113; 113 'at said anchors 114, 114', biasing of each floating moored line 111; 111 'and fixing said first line portions 112; 112 'at the floating body 101, allowing each floating element moored line 111; 111 'due to inherent buoyancy of said buoyancy element 115; 115 'will have one of said bias dependent angles, or' between said first line portion 112; 112 'and the tributary portion 113; 113 'mooring line 111, 111' is kept taut by decreasing the angle or, or 'and others which enable each floating element provided with the resulting extension of the effective length of the mooring line and by increasing the angle of the or, and' and consequent shortening of the effective length of the mooring line 100. resulting from said wave motions.
    By providing at least one, preferably at least two, mooring lines 111, 111 'of the wave energy converter 100 with a floating element 115; 115' between the first 112; 112 'and the second line portion 113; 113 'and biasing such mooring lines 111, 111', they will be able to hold the residual energy converter 100 in the vicinity of the optimal anchoring position in a more stable and stationary manner than non-biased lines would allow. Thanks to said floating element 115; 115 ', the mooring lines 111,111' will have an angle or, or 'between the first line portion 112; 112 'and the second rope portion 113; 113 'and is kept taut by decreasing the angle and consequently lengthening the effective length of the mooring line and by increasing the angle and consequently shortening the effective length of the mooring line when the wave energy converter operates as a result of said wave movements, which significantly reduces the risk of knot on itself or lie down in a loop around the floating body and possibly damage the wave energy converter.
    In an advantageous embodiment of according to the invention, each mooring line 111 comprises; 111 'of the wave energy converter 100 at least one floating element 115; 115 'attached between the first rope portion 112; 112 'and the second line portion 113; 113 ', the mooring system 108 further comprising separate fasteners 110, 110' mounted on the buoyancy body 101 for fixing each mooring line to the buoyancy body 101. Such an embodiment with separate fasteners 110, 110 'enables an optimized and individual biasing and fixing of the respective mooring lines 111; 111 'the floating body 101.
    In one embodiment of the wave energy converter 100 according to the invention, the first line portion 112; 112 'of at least one of the mooring lines 111; 111 'inelastic extensibility which allows a maximum elongation thereof of not more than 5% at maximum calculated force in the mooring line (ie at maximum expected current and wave force in the same direction), while said floating element 115; 115 'between the first line portion 112; 112 'and the second line portion 113; 113 'has a single position on the mooring line 111; 111 'and a buoyancy force which, after deployment, anchors 114; 114 ', fixing said second rope portion 113; 113 'said anchor 114; 114 ', biasing said mooring line 111; 111 'and fixing said first rope portion 112; 112' to the float body 101, allows a maximum extension and shortening of the mooring rope 111, respectively; 111 'effective length of at least 30 meters, due to said wave motions together with tidal variations, other variations in water level and wind and current drift of the floating body 101. Such a relatively low elastic extensibility of the first rope portion 112; 112 'reduces the risk of that pre-assembly portion becoming entangled or jammed during the fixation of the same attachment device 110; 110 ', while such a large maximum elongation or shortening of the mooring line 111; 111 'effective length ensures that the mooring line can be pre-tensioned sufficiently and then be able to be kept taut even despite large tidal variations, strong wind and current drift at the floating body 101 and height differences between wave peaks and wave valleys that can amount to 15-20 meters. Such conditions are not uncommon in places suitable for the efficient extraction of wave energy.
    In another advantageous embodiment of the wave energy converter 100 according to the invention, the first 112; 112 'and others 113, respectively; 113 'line portion lengths and the buoyancy of the buoyancy element 115; 115 'of each mooring line111; 111 ', as well as the bias of the respective mooring lines adapted to ensure that each floating element 115; 115 'is at least 6 meters below the water surface 104 at normal water levels. Such dimensioning and prestressing has been found to be able to ensure that the floating elements 115; 115 'remains below the water surface 104 even in large wave valleys and thus can maintain the tension in the mooring lines 111; 111 'even under such conditions. The buoyancy elements of the wave energy converter 100 according to the invention can in and of themselves have any suitable construction as long as they have a sufficient durability and buoyancy force to be able to keep the mooring lines taut for a sufficiently long operating time. In an advantageous embodiment of the wave energy converter, however, each floating element 115 comprises; 115 'a hollow or porous body and an enclosing housing. By designing the floating elements as a hollow or porous body with an enclosing housing, an advantageous regulation of the buoyancy of the floating elements is made possible, for example by providing the enclosing housing with suitably arranged valves which can be opened by a diver or by means of a remote controlled vessel to let in water and reducing the buoyancy force of a buoyancy element to relieve the stress in the second rope portion 112; 112 ', for example in connection with a replacement of a damaged anchor, whereby the valves can also be used to press the water out with the aid of compressed air or other pressurized gas after the replacement of the anchor tank.
    Floating elements 115; 115 'of the mooring lines may per se be made of any suitable and sufficiently durable material, but particularly advantageously comprises a plastic material, a natural or synthetic rubber material, a foam material and / or a polymeric material with substantially closed cells, the floating elements preferably containing air or a another gas.
    In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the floating elements 115; 115 'one or more fasteners (not shown in the figures) arranged for fixing a rope end of a first rope forming the first rope portion 112; 112 'and for fixing a single line end of a separate second line constituting the second line portion 113; 113 ', said fastening means comprising a fastening loop arranged to allow a single end to be inserted through the fastening loop and knotted, spliced, or sewn together into a loop round thereof and / or comprising at least one wheel-fixed wheel device to allow a rope end to be laid around the wheel. and tied, spliced or sewn together into a loop around the wheel to attach the line end to the same. Thanks to the provision of such specially adapted fastening means in the form of fastening loops and / or rotation-fixed wheels around which the line ends can be fixed by tying, splicing or sewing, wear of the line ends attached to the floating elements can be minimized. Within the scope of the invention, alternative embodiments are also conceivable where the first and second rope portions are not separate ropes, but are provided in the form of different portions of a single continuous rope. Thus, in such an alternative embodiment, the floating element is suitably attached to a rope portion between a first end and an opposite second end of a continuous rope to form the first rope portion and the second rope portion.
    The first linen portion 112; 112 'of the mooring lines 111; 111 may advantageously have an outer diameter in the range of 20 - 80 mm and / or a largest circumference in the range of 2.5 - 10 inches. By selecting suitable materials for that first line portion 112; 112 'and an outer diameter and / or largest circumference within the above-mentioned ranges, a sufficient strength can be obtained of the first part 112; 112 'without being dimensioned larger than necessary. the fasteners 110; 110 'need In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first rope portion 112; 112' consists of a rope or a braided rope of one or more synthetic polymeric materials. Examples of suitable synthetic polymeric materials are polyester and HMPE, high breaking strength synthetic polymeric materials and E-modulus. , such as HMPE, are particularly advantageous because the first linen portion 112; 112 'can then be made thinner and easier to handle when fixing to the floating body 101 than would otherwise be the case.
    In embodiments where the first linen portion 112; 112 'consists of a rope or braid step of synthetic polymeric materials, it is particularly advantageous if at least one section of the first rope portion 112; 112 ', which lies above or near the water surface 104 when the wave energy converter is operating, comprises an enclosing material layer or an enclosing coating of a UV-protective material, this in order to minimize the risk of the polymeric material being degraded by sunlight.
    In a preferred embodiment of the wave energy converter 100 according to the invention, illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, at least one of and preferably all the fasteners 110; 110 'mounted on the float 101 comprises a winding device 116 which is rotatably mounted on the float body 101 and a float attachment device 117. 101 cooperating with the winding device 116 and wherein the winding device 116 has an outer circumferential surface 118 which is arranged for winding at least two turns V1, V2 of the first rope portion 112 around it, and wherein the fastening device 117 is arranged for fastening a free part 112 coming from the winding device 116. the first line portion at the same in connection with the biasing of the mooring line 111. Preferably at least one elongate member 116 projecting from the winding device 101 comprises providing at least a part of the outer circumferential surface 118. Such a shaping the winding device can facilitate the winding of the first rope portion 112 in turns around it. It should be understood, however, that the elongate member or members need not have a circular cross-sectional shape even if this is preferred, but could also have an oval cross-sectional shape or a different rounded shape (not shown in the figures). It should also be appreciated that in other embodiments (not shown in the figures) the winding device may include several elongate members which together form the outer circumferential surface.
    In a particularly preferred embodiment of the wave energy converter 100 according to the invention, the outer circumferential surface is formed by a cylindrical shell surface 118 formed by the winding device 116. It should be appreciated that the cylindrical circumferential surface 118 may be formed by a single cylindrical body of the winding device 116. (not shown in the figures) can be formed by several bodies or members which together form an at least substantially cylindrical mantle surface.
    The winding device may advantageously consist of a pin 116, a drum, or a tube with a rounded and preferably circular cross-section and one end of which is welded to a bracket 119 or mounting plate mounted on the float body 101 and whose other, free end projects outwards in the direction away from the float body 101. .
    A fastening device 101 which according to the invention comprises a winding device 116 and a fastening device 117 cooperating therewith, schematically illustrated in Fig. 2, is very advantageous compared with several of the previously known fastening devices used on floating bodies, such as fastening loops, shackles, stirrups, cleats, slides and the like. If one wraps a rope 112d, 112f around a winding device, such as a cylindrical pin 116, drum, a tube, outer circumferential surface 118 of such or another rounded body or other rounded arrangement, the traction force in the rope to generate a compressive force against the circumferential surface 118 as in in turn can give rise to a frictional force against the circumferential surface if the slightest slippage 14 between the rope and the circumferential surface occurs. When prestressing a mooring line 111 of a wave energy converter 100 provided with such a winding device 116 according to the invention, a traction force Fd is applied to a retracting portion 112d of the line by towing or displacing the discharge body 101 in the direction away from an anchoring point P1 (see Fig. 1). boat or ship, the line will slide along the outer circumferential surface 118 of the winding device 116 and release the frictional force. The frictional force will transmit the traction force Fd of the line to the outer circumferential surface 118 according to Eytelwein's equation, i.e. F2 = F1 * e ("* °°), where u is the coefficient of friction and or is the angle of inclination. With a coefficient of friction 0.3 between the line 112d, 112f and the outer circumferential surface 118 and the line wound one turn around it, F2 = 6.6 * F1. This means that the line slides along the circumferential surface 118 until the force in the free part Ff is the tensile force Fdivided by 6.6. If, on the other hand, the line is wound two turns V1, V2 around the circumferential surface, the force in the free part Ff becomes Fd / 43 instead. Thus, in a case where Fd is 50 tons, the force in the free part Ff is only 1.16 tons. The elongation in the line decreases as the traction Fd passes to the outer circumferential surface 118 of the winding device 116. When the towing or sliding off the buoyancy body 101 with the boat or vessel ceases and the buoyancy body 101 swings back towards the anchorage point P1, the traction force Fd decreases to about so that the frictional force is released in the other direction. The connection according to Eytelwein's equation will now act in the other direction so that the force in the line increases around the outer circumferential surface 118 of the winding device until it meets the same traction rake in the line from the other direction. Due to the symmetry in the present case, this will take place after one line revolution around the outer circumferential surface 118, which means that the second line revolution around the circumferential surface 118 will not be affected at all. In normal operation of the wave energy converter 100 which is provided with a winding device 118, the tensile force Fd in the prestressed mooring line 111 will vary a few hundred N around 2 tons, which corresponds to the prestressing force in a normal case. The elongation variations of the wound-up rope around the circumferential surface 118 will therefore be very small and only extend a small distance in around the circumferential surface 118, which means that the wear due to sliding of the rope V1, V2 in contact with the circumferential surface 118 will be minimal. When operating the wave energy converter for a longer period of time, the coefficient of friction should be taken into account zero, since the average load in the mooring line, ie. the prestressing force 2 tons, in such a case will be slowly transported to the free part 112f. At a subsequent maximum load occasion, the friction force will only be released during 1.5 revolutions, after which 2 tonnes have been reached.
    By providing the wave energy converter according to the invention with at least one winding device 116 around whose outer circumferential surface 118 the line is wound at least two turns V1, V2, the force Ff in the free part 112f will amount to a maximum of a few tons, which means that the fastening device 117 is simpler, smaller and lighter. manufactured at a lower cost than would otherwise be possible. The fastening device can for instance be designed as a single clamping device or rope clamp (not shown in the figures) which enables a simple and quick fastening as well as detachment of the rope, or is designed as one or more bollards 120, 121 around which the rope or ropes are fastened using suitable knots after high load, e.g. a pile roast or a double half-stroke about its own part, whereby the free part in the knot can advantageously be banded.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, schematically illustrated in Fig. 2, the fastening device 117 comprises at least one bollard 120, 121 or single clamping device for fastening the free part 112f of the first rope portion by means of a knot or a banded eye of the free part 112f. the round bollard (s) 120, 121 or clamping of the free part of the clamping device.
    The winding device 116 of the wave energy almond 100 according to the invention is preferably arranged to allow the main part of the traction force Fd exerted on a pulling part 112d of the first line portion of the mooring line 111 which is being stretched over the mean force, e.g. by a single wave or by biasing the mooring line by means of a boat or a ship, is absorbed by the outer circumferential surface 118 of the winding device and reduced to a force Ff in the free portion 112 attached to the fastening device 117 amounting to less than one tenth of the traction force Fd exerted on the pulling party 112d.
    A desired prestressing of the mooring lines can be achieved in many different ways. In a case with two mooring lines, as shown in Fig. 1, for example, the first anchor 114 can only be laid out at a first anchoring position P1 by means of a suitable first boat or a smaller vessel. After winding at least two turns V1, V2 and attaching the free part 112f of the first line portion 112 to the fastening device 110 on the buoyancy body 101, this towing cell can be pushed away in the direction away from the first anchoring position P1 by means of the boat or vessel until a desired prestress is achieved. in the first mooring line 111. While the first boat or vessel maintains the desired bias in the first mooring line 111, the second mooring line 111 ', wound and attached to the second fastening device 110' on the buoyancy body 101, may then be laid out in a direction away from the first mooring position of the auxiliary anchoring position. a second boat, from which the second anchor is finally laid out at a second anchoring position P2 at a suitable distance from the first anchoring position P1, after which the two boats and / or vessels are finished with the prestressing operation. In a case with three or even more mooring lines and anchors (not shown in the figures), a desired bias of the mooring lines can be achieved in a similar manner, but many other biasing methods are also conceivable within the scope of the invention, for example methods involving the use of a remote control (ROV) vehicle.
    The winding device 116 of the wave energy converter 100 is preferably also arranged to allow variations in the tensile force Fd exerted by a biasing mooring line 111 on a pulling portion 112d of the first line portion of the wave energy converter 100 to be taken up by the outer circumferential surface 118 and one and a half fewer, of the at least two turns V1, V2 of the first line portion wrapped around it, so that at least one half turn wound around the outer circumferential surface 118 remains unaffected by the variations in traction force Fd.
    In the prior art buoyancy fasteners of the type in question, the rope often passes through a fork or similar element where the rope direction changes some distance from the rope's attachment point at the float, leading to the attachment piece between the attachment point and the hanger changing length and the rope will slide fasteners therewith provide the fastening device therein which comprises a winding device 116 from which the contact force is high and strongly abraded. By the first line portion 112 running directly down into the body of water 104 where the floating body is anchored, the wave energy converter according to the invention can eliminate this specific problem. 17 The second linen portion 113; 113 'of the mooring lines used in the wave energy converter 100 according to the invention may comprise a steel wire, but preferably comprise a line or a braided rope of a synthetic polymeric material.
    To reduce the risk of corrosion and / or abrasion against the anchor 114; 114 'or against objects in the water near the anchor, the second line portion 113; An advantageous embodiment also comprises an enclosing material layer or an enclosing coating of a corrosion and / or abrasion protection material, which may be any suitable type of solid, vaporous, plasma or liquid material which provides such protective properties and which can be applied to the second linen portion. either in the manufacture or in connection with the assembly or laying thereof.
    The at least two anchors 114; 114 'at which the floating body 101 of the wave energy converter 100 according to the invention is moored may be provided with a fastening loop, a cast-in tube or other fastening means (not shown in the figures) which are arranged to allow the fixing of the other rope portions 113; 113 'wide anchor 114; 114 'is done by inserting one end of the respective second rope portion 113; 113 'through the fastening means or means of the anchor to form a loop around the fastening means or means and then to make a knot, split or seam to fasten the loop together and fix the second rope portion 113; 113' to the anchor 114; 114 '.
    The at least two anchors 114; 114 'at which the floating body 101 is moored can advantageously be provided with fastening means (not shown in the figures) which are adapted to allow the fixing of the second rope portion 113; 113 vidankaret 114; 114 'takes place partly or completely by means of a remote-controlled craft (ROV). Such an adaptation of the fastening means may, for example, consist of each anchor being provided on its upper side with a stably mounted fastening means, similar to an oversized "carabiner" (not shown in the figures), with a spring-loaded bracket opening (not shown) into which the remote-controlled craft (not shown) ) by means of its gripping claw (not shown) can force a finished spliced, knotted or sewing loop (not shown) at the end of the second rope portion 113; 113 ', after which the spring load can return the shackle opening to the closed position so that the second line portion 113; 113 'loop fixed to anchor 114; 114 'via that closing bar. A problem with the previously used mooring systems is that their fastening devices on the floating body usually comprise a plurality of metal elements which are interconnected which are provided with a corrosion-protective layer, but that corrosion-protective layers are damaged over time. Near metal elements wear against each other and / or against a mooring line. the oxygen-rich and often salt-laden atmosphere and the water in the vicinity of the floating body can cause corrosion attack on the metal elements, which results in an increased need for maintenance work for replacement of metal elements and in the worst case can lead to material material breakage and risk of damage or loss. In order to reduce the risk of such corrosion problems occurring in the road energy converter according to the invention, each fastening device on the often water-, oxygen- and salt-exposed floating body therefore preferably comprises a winding device 116 with a cooperating fastening device 117 which enables fixation of the first rope portion 112. sliding and thus minimal wear, which reduces the risk of corrosion attack due to wear on any metal elements.
    In an advantageous embodiment of the path energy converter 100 according to the invention, one or more electrical cables (not shown in the figures) for transmitting breeding power are arranged to run along one of the mooring lines 111; 111 'in a longitudinally extending manner from the buoyancy body 101 to a single cable deflection point (not shown in the figures) located at or below the buoyancy element 115; 115 '. The power cable (or cables) may be arranged in loop orels in a helical shape to extend and shorten the near-path energy converter working and may be attached to the mooring line by means of loosely seated enclosing rubber straps or other suitable means (not shown in the figures). Due to the fact that the electric cable (or cables) softly follows the movements of the floating body 101 and the upper part of the mooring line 111 during the movement of the water mass close to the water surface, the risk of abrasion and damage to the electric cable (or cables) is minimized. After the deflection point at or below the floating element 115; 115 ', which is in a relatively calm body of water, the power cable (s) may run further from the side to a connection point of another unit (not shown in the figures) which is either at the bottom, below the water surface, above the water surface, or on land . The present invention has been described above with the aid of a number of different embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it must be understood that the invention is not limited to the described embodiments and to what is shown in the drawings, without also contemplating other embodiments within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    A wave energy converter (100), comprising a floating body (101), an acceleration tube (102) which hangs in and is attached to the floating body (101) and has an upper end adjacent the floating body and a lower end spaced from (102) working cylinder (103). ) between the upper end and the lower end, the floating body, a section of the acceleration tube forming upper and lower openings of the acceleration tube (102) to allow substantially unobstructed water flow between the working cylinder (103) and a body of water (104) in which the acceleration tube (102) is at least partially submerged when the wave energy converter operates as a result of wave motions, a working piston (105) reciprocating in the working cylinder (103), an energy conversion arrangement (106) comprising at least one energy absorbing device (107) which absorbs energy from the working piston (105) movements relative to the floating body (101) due to said wave motions and (108) the wave energy converter (100) within a desired anchoring area (109) and a mooring g system arranged to hold comprises at least one first fastening device (110) mounted on the floating body (101) for fixing a first mooring line (111) to the floating body (101) and at least one second fastening device (110 ') mounted on the floating body (101) for fixing a second mooring line (111 ') at the buoyancy body (101), the first mooring line (111) comprising a first rope portion (112) pre-fixing at the first fastening device (110) and a second rope portion (113) pre-fixing at a first anchor (114). ) which is deployed or intended to be deployed at a first anchor position (P1) located outside a first side (S1) of the desired anchoring area (109) and wherein the second mooring line (111 ') comprises a first rope portion (112') for fixing at the second the fastening device (110 ') and a second line portion (113') for fixing to a second anchor (114 ') which is deployed or intended to be deployed at a second anchor position (P2) located outside a second side (S2) of the desired anchoring area (109), and wherein at least one of the mooring lines (111); 111 ') comprises at least one floating element (115; 115') attached between the first line portion (112; 112 ') and the second line portion (113; 113') so that, after deployment of said anchor (114; 114 '), fixing said second line portions (113; 113 ') at (114, 114'), mooring line (111; 111 ') and fixing said first line portions (112; 112') said anchor biasing of each floating element provided at the floating body (101), allowing each buoyancy moored line (111; 21 111 ') due to inherent buoyancy of said buoyancy element (115; 115') will have an angle (od, od) dependent on said bias between said first rope portion (112; 112 ') and said second rope portion (113; 113 ') enables each floating element-provided mooring line (111, 111') to be kept taut by decreasing the angle (od, od) and resulting extension of the effective length of the mooring line and by increasing the angle (od, od) and resulting shortening of the mooring line effective length the near-road energy converter (100) operates as a result of said road movements, characterized in that at least one of the fastening devices (110) mounted on the floating body (101); 110 ') comprises a winding device (116) rotatably mounted on the floating body (101) and a single fastening device (117) arranged on the floating body (101) cooperating with the winding device (116) and the winding device (116) having an outer circumferential surface (118) arranged for winding at least two turns (V1, V2) of the first line portion (112) around it, and wherein the fastening device (117) is arranged for fastening a part (112f) coming from the winding device (116) of the first line portion at the same in associated with the biasing of the mooring line (111).
    [2]
    Road energy converter (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the winding device comprises at least (101) (116) which provides at least a part of the outer circumferential surface (118). an elongate member projecting from the floating body
    [3]
    Road energy converter (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer circumferential surface consists of a cylindrical mantle surface (118) formed by the winding device (116).
    [4]
    Road energy converter (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the winding device consists of a pin (116), a drum, or a tube with a rounded and preferably circular cross-section and one end of which is welded to a bracket (119) or mounting plate mounted on the float (101) and whose other, free end projects leaking in the direction away from the float.
    [5]
    Road energy converter (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening device (117) comprises at least one bollard (120, 121) or a clamping device for fastening the free part (112f) of the first rope portion by means of a knots or a (112f) circumferential clamping of the free part of the clamping device. blindfold of the free party bollard (s) or
    [6]
    A wave energy converter (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the winding device (116) being arranged to allow the main part of a tensile force (Fd) exerted on a pulling portion (112d) of the first rope portion of a mooring line (111 ) which is being tensioned over the mean force is absorbed by the outer circumferential surface (118) of the winding device and reduced to a force (Ff) in the free part (112f) attached to the fastening device (117) amounting to less than one tenth of the tensile force (Fd) which exerted on the towing party (112d).
    [7]
    A wave energy converter (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the winding device (116) is arranged to allow variations in the tensile force (Fd) exerted by a prestressed mooring line (111) on a pulling portion (112d) of the first the line portion in operation of the wave energy converter (100) may be taken up by the outer circumferential surface (118) along one and a half turns, or less, of the at least two turns (V1, V2) of the first line portion wound around it, so that at least one half wrapped around the outer circumferential surface (118) remains unaffected by the variations in traction (Fd).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    SE541139C2|2019-04-16|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1530060A|SE541139C2|2015-05-05|2015-05-05|Wave energy converter with mooring system including winding device and fastener|SE1530060A| SE541139C2|2015-05-05|2015-05-05|Wave energy converter with mooring system including winding device and fastener|
    US15/563,006| US10495052B2|2015-04-02|2016-03-31|Wave energy converter with mooring system comprising buoyant elements|
    PCT/SE2016/000016| WO2016159856A1|2015-04-02|2016-03-31|Wave energy converter with mooring system comprising buoyant elements|
    EP16773563.8A| EP3277949B1|2015-04-02|2016-03-31|Wave energy converter with mooring system comprising buoyant elements|
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